WORD FAMILIES  
 -ab   -ad  -ag  -am  -an
-ap -ar  -at -ed   -en
-et -id -ig  -in  -ip 
 -it  -ob -og  -op   -ot
-ub  -ug  -um  -un  -ut 

 

-old        

 

-ab 

cab
dab
jab
nab

tab
crab

grab
stab

 My dad took a cab to the airport. 

Put a dab of glue on your paper. 

I felt a jab of pain in my foot. 
I hope the police nab that crook. 
I popped the tab on the can. 
A crab has claws. 
Let’s go grab something to eat. 

         Take a stab at writing a story. 

But not: ableabout, baby, cable, vegetable

 

-ad
 bad
dad
lad
mad
 pad
sad
Brad
glad

Making fun of others is bad

My dad is a nice guy. 

They used to call a boy a lad

Sometimes I get mad

 Where is my pad of paper? 

Sometimes I get sad

Brad is my best friend. 

I am glad that it’s lunch time. 

But not: fade, adult, ladyread, road, salad

 

  -ag
 bag
gag
nag
rag
 tag
wag
drag
flag

Mom put fruit in my lunch bag

 Eating beets makes gag

 Mom’s a nag about homework. 
Dad used a rag to wash his car. 

 I get out of breath playing tag

        I love to see my dog wag his tail. 

 Mom had to drag me out of bed. 

 We have a flag in our classroom. 

But not: again, bagel, cagemagic, page

 

-am
 dam
ham
jam
Pam
ram
Sam
lam
b
slam 

There is dam at the lake. 

I love the taste of ham

I like jam on my toast. 
My sister is named Pam.

Don’t ram the curb with your bike. 
Sam is a good friend of mine. 

         Mary had a little lamb

         Please don’t slam the door. 

But not: amusebeam, came, foammama 

 

-an  

can

fan

man

pan

 ran

van

plan

than

      Please open that can of cat food. 
      It’s so hot that I turned on the fan.

      That’s the man I told you about. 
      The water is boiling in the pan
      I ran around the track four times. 
      My dad bought a new mini van
      What is your plan to finish this? 
      I am taller than you are.   

But not: angel, any, bean, giantpecan, want

 

  -ap  

cap

gap

lap

map

 nap

clap

snap

wrap

      How do you like my baseball cap
      There’s a gap between his teeth. 
      My cat likes to sit in my lap
      Dad can’t read a map well. 
      Do I have to take a nap today? 
      Will you clap when I’m done? 
      She can snap her fingers loudly. 
      I need to wrap this present. 

But not: ape, heap, maple, papa, soap, tape

 

-ar  

bar

car

far

jar

 tar

scar

star

start

      He ate a candy bar.

      I like my parents’ new car
      They are moving far away. 
      Please hand me that jar of jelly. 
      They are paving the road with tar
      That cut might leave a scar
      She is the star of the show. 
      It’s time to start fixing lunch.  

But not: bare, dear, learn, oar, pear, stare, war

 

-at  

bat

cat

fat

hat

 mat

pat

rat

sat

      Justin got a new baseball bat

      My cat has long hair. 
      There’s a lot of fat on this steak. 
      This hat keeps my head warm. 
      Mom bought a new door mat
      You can pat my dog on the head. 
      I saw my cat chasing a rat
      She sat down for a few minutes. 

But not: beat, boat, datemate, water, what

 

-ed  

bed

fed

led

Ned

 red

Ted

shed

sled

      It’s time to get out of bed

      Have you fed the dog yet? 
      She led me to their hiding place. 
      Ned is my best friend. 
      Their new truck is red
      Edward’s nickname is Ted
      Dad keeps his tools in the shed
      My sled goes down the hill fast.  

But not: deed, edge, lied, need, owed, wedge


 

-en  

Ben
den
hen
men

 pen
ten
when
open

      My friend Ben likes to fly kites. 

      Dad is reading in the den
      How many eggs did that hen lay? 
      Five men can fit in that car. 
      Can you hand me that blue pen
      My brother turned ten yesterday. 
      When are we going to eat dinner? 
      Can you please open that door?  

But not: arena, even, green, often, enough


 

-et  

bet
get
jet
let

met
pet
set
wet 

      I bet you can’t beat me in a race. 

      What did you get at the store? 

      I have flown on a jet plane. 

      Will you let me play now? 
      I met her at the coffee shop. 
      Meet my new pet dog Mickey. 
      We are set to go on the trip. 
      Cats really hate to get wet

But not: beet, diet, feet, Peter, teeth, safety


 

-id  

did
hid
kid
lid

rid
slid
skid
squid 

      I did everything you asked me to. 

      I hid in a hard place to find. 
          That kid can run really fast. 
      Please put the lid on the jar. 
      Can you get rid of that trash? 
      He slid into first base.      
      I saw a car skid on the ice today. 
      He is eating some squid    

 But not: idea, said, maid, ride, accident, idiot, avoid 


 

-ig  

big
dig
fig
pig

rig
wig
zig
twig 

      I wonder how big my dog will get. 

      My dog likes to dig holes out back. 

      I love Fig Newton cookies. 
      If I eat all that you’ll call me a pig
      My uncle works out on an oil rig
      I think she has a wig on her head. 
      A rabbit zig zags back and forth. 
      I just picked up the last twig

 But not: night, tiger, eight, sign, alligator, fright 


 

-in  

fin
pin
win
chin

grin
skin
spin
thin 

      Is that a shark or dolphin fin

      A pin is still in this shirt. 

      We will try hard to win this game. 
      He has a dimple in his chin
      If I grin, you’ll see my braces. 

      I get really dry skin in the winter. 
      I can spin around fast. 
      You’re so thin, are you on a diet? 

 But not: line, mutiny, business, thing 


 

  -ip  

dip
hip
lip
rip

sip
drip
ship
trip 

      Dip your toe into that cold water. 

      See his cell phone on his hip
      Ouch, I just bit my lip
      Uh-oh, I just got a rip in my shirt. 
      Can I have a sip of your water? 
      The drip in the sink is loud. 
      I’ve never been on a ship that big. 
      How was your trip to Florida? 

 But not: ripe, recipe, pipeprincipal, iPad 


 

-it  

it
bit
fit
hit

sit
quit
spit
split 

      It seems that you’re hungry. 

      I’m a bit tired after that long run. 
      These shoes just don’t quite fit
      It’s not nice to hit other kids. 
      Sit next to me and let’s read. 
      Hard workers never quit trying. 
      I had to spit that awful food out. 
      The best dessert is a banana split

  But not:  bitebaitfruity, kite, wait, with 

 

 

  -ob  

Bob
cob
job
rob

knob
slob
snob
throb 

      My best friend is named Bob

      Corn on the cob is yummy. 
      It’s your job to make up your bed. 
      It is very wrong to rob a person. 
      I can’t get the door knob to turn. 
      He’s so messy, he’s called a slob
      She’s smart, but she’s a snob
      Your hurt ankle will throb some. 

 But not:  obey, robe, observe, obese, acrobat 


 

-og  

dog
fog
hog
log

frog
hotdog
bulldog
catalog 

      Her dog barks way too much. 
      This fog is really thick. 
      He eats like a hog
      Can you jump over that log

      That’s a really huge frog
      I like mustard on my hotdog
      His bulldog is really mean. 
      Let’s order it from this catalog

 But not: ogre, apologyphotograph, Google, Scrooge, yogurt


 

  -op  

cop

hop
mop
pop

top
chop
drop
stop 

      My uncle is a state cop
      Look at that bunny hop around. 
      I’ll clean the floor with a mop
      My cereal goes snap, crackle, pop
      I think it’s on the top shelf. 
      I’d love another pork chop
      Be careful you don’t drop that. 
      Slow down, there’s a stop sign. 

But not: open, octopus, people, oops, operaterope 


 

-ot  

dot
got
hot
lot

not
pot
shot
spot 

      Dot likes clothes with polka dots. 
      I got a great new toy yesterday. 
      This tea is still too hot to drink. 
      That’s a lot of food to eat. 
      You’d better not do that. 
      The water’s boiling in the pot
      The doctor just gave me a shot
      Uh-oh, I got a spot on my shirt. 

 But not:  boot, footother, brother, lotion, clothes, moth 


 

  -ub  

cub
rub
sub
tub

club
stub
scrub
shrub 

      That bear cub is so cute. 
      Please rub that spill off the table. 
      I’d love a sub sandwich and chips. 
      Fill the tub with warm water. 
      Can I join the new chess club
      You don’t want to stub your toe. 
      It’s time to scrub the dirty dishes. 
      The shrub in your garden is dead. 

 But not: tube, cube, doubt, bauble, ruby 


 

  -ug  

bug
dug
hug
mug

rug
tug
plug
snug 

      What’s that bug on your shirt? 
      Our dog dug a hole in the yard. 
      Come over and give me a hug
      I want a mug of coffee, please. 
      Did you get that mud on the rug
      It’s fun to play tug of war. 
      Can you plug in that lamp? 
      Are you all snug in your bed? 

 But not: huge, laugh, caught, coughdough, through, thought


 

  -um  

gum

hum
mum
sum

yum
drum
plum
swum 

      I really like mint chewing gum
      She likes to hum pretty songs. 
      In England, a “mom” is “mum.” 
      The sum of 2 plus 2 is 4. 
      Yum, that food is so tasty. 
      I have a great new drum set. 
      I like the sweet taste of a plum
      He can jump high in the air. 

 But not: perfume, human, numeral, trauma, vacuum 


 

-un  

fun
gun
pun
run

sun
spun
stun
begun 

      I had lots of fun at her party. 
      A water gun is fun in the summer. 
      A funny word trick is called a pun
      I’m going to run around the track. 
      The clouds are covering the sun
      He spun around in surprise. 
      This baseball could stun you. 
      I had just begun my chores. 

 But not: tune, fortune, aunt, round, united 


 

-ut  
but
cut
hut
nut
shut
donut
peanut
walnut 

      I love cake, but I also like candy. 
      I broke a glass and got a little cut
      He lives in a hut in the woods. 
      If it has a nut in it, I can’t eat it.

      Can I have a chocolate donut 
      The back door didn’t shut tightly. 
      Is that a peanut butter sandwich? 
      Is that a black walnut tree? 

 But not: flute, cute, author, out, mouth, youth, utensil 

 

 

-old  

old
bold
cold
gold

 hold
mold
sold
told

      That old man is a famous wizard. 
      A bold play won the game. 
      It is freezing cold out there. 
      She has a gold wedding ring. 
      Hold my hand to cross the street. 
      That rotten food has mold on it. 
      They just sold their house. 
      She told me a funny little secret. 

But not: soldercooldown